Cholesterol is a soft, fatty-like substance found in the cells in your body. The liver produces cholesterol and it is used primarily to form the membranes of the body's cells. The liver manufactures all the cholesterol our body needs, so when we eat too much cholesterol in our diet, the excess can accumulate in the bloodstream.

Cholesterol and other fats cannot dissolve in the bloodstream and are carried though the body by lipoproteins. You have probably heard the terms LDL, or low density lipoprotein (the "bad" cholesterol), and HDL, or high density lipoprotein (the "good" cholesterol).

The "bad" LDL cholesterol carries cholesterol though the body and can slowly build up in the arteries carrying blood to the heart and brain. Other substances build on the LDL to create a plaque that can clog the arteries. When this occurs, blood flow to the heart and brain is reduced. If the plaque grows to a point that the entire artery is blocked, no blood can get thought the artery to the heart or brain and causes a heart attack or stroke.

A high level of LDL in the blood stream can indicate risk for heart attack or heart disease. The ideal level for LDL cholesterol is 130 or below.

The "good" HDL cholesterol also carries cholesterol through the body, but it tends to carry it away from the heart and back to the liver where it is removed from the body. Research seems to show that higher levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood stream protect against heart attack.

For the average man HDL levels are between 40 and 50. For the average woman, HDL levels are between 50 and 60. For either sex, anything below the level of 35 is considered low.

Many times you hear cholesterol levels discussed in terms of just one number, especially at health fairs and grocery or drug store machines. The overall number is a good indicator, but it is wise to have a complete blood panel done to determine the levels of LDL and HDL in your blood if you have any concerns. As a general guideline, any total cholesterol number below 200mg/dl is considered desirable. A level between 200 and 239 is considered borderline. Anything above 240 is considered high.

If you have a total cholesterol reading higher than 200 you should consult your doctor immediately for ways to lower it. Diet, lifestyle, exercise, smoking and medications can all affect your cholesterol levels. By seeking and following your doctor's advice, you can help control your cholesterol and reduce your risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

© 2006 Cardiology Associates, P.S.C. All rights reserved.